References for RF Pulses in NMR

Here are some references that are related to RF pulses. They are generally here if I think they are important in the history of RF pulses, or just if I found them interesting. Please feel free to email me with any suggested additions. I'd be particularly interested in suggestions for any paper later than 1996.

David Rourke Jan 2004.
(david.rourke [at] nottingham.ac.uk)

1

J. G. Powles.
The adiabatic fast passage experiment in magnetic resonance.
Proc. Phys. Soc., 71:497-500, 1958.

2

S. Alexander.
Spin-echo method for measuring relaxation times in two-line NMR spectra.
Rev. Sci. Instrum., 32:1066-1067, 1961.
Use of a rectangular pulse to excite spins on resonance by 90°, but spins at a second frequency by 180°, thus selectively exciting transverse magnetization for just the first spins.

3

Barrett L. Tomlinson and H. D. W. Hill.
Fourier synthesized excitation of nuclear magnetic resonance with application to homonuclear decoupling and solvent line suppression.
J. Chem. Phys., 59(4):1775-1784, 1973.
The first (?) example of choosing a pulse such that its Fourier transform corresponds to the desired response of the spins. Refocusing not mentioned (see Hoult, 1977), so the idea could only be used for line suppression.

4

A. N. Garroway, P. K. Grannell, and P. Mansfield.
Image formation in NMR by a selective irradiative process.
J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys., 7:L457-L462, 1974.
Imaging with selective saturation pulses. As with Tomlinson, 1973, these can't be used directly as selective excitation pulses as they do not include refocusing.

7

D. I. Hoult.
Zeugmatography: A criticism of the concept of a selective pulse in the presence of a field gradient.
J. Magn. Reson., 26:165-167, 1977.
Pointed out that selective excitation pulses designed using the small flip angle approximation (i.e., the Fourier transform of the pulse gives, approximately, the spin response) need to be refocused.

8

G. A. Morris and R. Freeman.
Selective excitation in Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance.
J. Magn. Reson., 29:433-462, 1978.
Showed how the small flip angle approximation leads to the Fourier relationship between RF pulse shape and spin response, with T₂ relaxation included.

9

D. I. Hoult.
The solution of the Bloch equations in the presence of a varying B1 field - an approach to selective pulse analysis.
J. Magn. Reson., 35:69-86, 1979.
Solution of Bloch equations (without T₁ relaxation) under the small flip angle approximation, to third order in B₁. Includes a discussion of the need for refocusing.

10

Malcolm H. Levitt and R. R. Ernst.
Composite pulses constructed by a recursive expansion procedure.
J. Magn. Reson., 55:247-254, 1983.

11

P. J. Hore.
Solvent suppression in Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance.
J. Magn. Reson., 55:283-300, 1983.

12

Warren S. Warren.
Effects of arbitrary laser or NMR pulse shapes on population inversion and coherence.
J. Chem. Phys., 81(12):5437-5448, 1984.

13

M. S. Silver, R. I. Joseph, and D. I. Hoult.
Highly selective /2 and pulse generation.
J. Magn. Reson., 59:347-351, 1984.

14

S. Conolly and A. Macovski.
Selective pulse design via optimal control theory.
In Abstracts of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, page 958, 1985.

15

R. Tycko, A. Pines, and J. Guckenheimer.
Fixed point theory of iterative excitation schemes in NMR.
J. Chem. Phys., 83(6):2775-2802, 1985.

16

M. S. Silver, R. I. Joseph, and D. I. Hoult.
Selective spin inversion in nuclear magnetic resonance and coherent optics through an exact solution of the Bloch-Ricatti equation.
Phys. Rev. A, 31(4):2753-2755, 1985.

17

J. Baum, R. Tycko, and A. Pines.
Broadband and adiabatic inversion of a two-level system by phase-modulated pulses.
Phys. Rev. A, 32(6):3435-3447, 1985.

18

F. A. Grünbaum and A. Hasenfeld.
An exploration of the invertibility of the Bloch transform.
Inverse Problems, 2:75-81, 1986.

19

D. Kunz.
Use of frequency-modulated radiofrequency pulses in MR imaging experiments.
Magn. Reson. Med., 3:377-384, 1986.

20

J. Thomas Ngo and Peter G. Morris.
General solution to the NMR excitation problem for noninteracting spins.
Magn. Reson. Med., 5:217-237, 1987.

21

Scott M. Eleff, V. Harihara Subramanian, Meir Shinnar, Scott Renn, and John S. Leigh.
The synthesis of pulse sequences yielding arbitrary symmetric magnetisation vectors.
J. Magn. Reson., 72:298-306, 1987.

22

J. Thomas Ngo and Peter G. Morris.
NMR pulse symmetry.
J. Magn. Reson., 74:122-133, 1987.

23

James B. Murdoch, Arnold H. Lent, and Margaret R. Kritzer.
Computer-optimized narrowband pulses for multislice imaging.
J. Magn. Reson., 74:226-263, 1987.

24

C. J. Hardy, P. A. Bottomley, M. O'Donnell, and P. Roemer.
Optimization of two-dimensional spatially selective NMR pulses by simulated annealing.
J. Magn. Reson., 77:233-250, 1988.

25

Patrick Le Roux.
Exact synthesis of radiofrequency waveforms.
In Abstracts of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, page 1049, 1988.

26

John Pauly, Dwight Nishimura, and Albert Macovski.
A k-space analysis of small-tip-angle excitation.
J. Magn. Reson., 81:43-56, 1989.
Beautiful combination of small tip angle results from slice selection with k-space ideas from imaging to give a method of (approximately) calculating pulses for multi-dimensional excitation (i.e., pencils and volumes).

27

Steven Conolly, Dwight Nishimura, and Albert Macovski.
A selective adiabatic spin-echo pulse.
J. Magn. Reson., 83:324-334, 1989.

28

Steven Conolly, Dwight Nishimura, and Albert Macovski.
Sweep-diagram analysis of selective adiabatic pulses.
J. Magn. Reson., 83:549-564, 1989.

29

I. M. Brereton, J. Field, L. N. Moxon, M. G. Irving, and D. M. Doddrell.
Water suppression with B₀ field gradient homospoil pulses in high-resolution NMR spectroscopy.
Magn. Reson. Med., 9:118-125, 1989.

30

P. Le Roux.
Simplified rf synthesis.
In Abstracts of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, page 1168, 1989.

31

Meir Shinnar and John S. Leigh.
The application of spinors to pulse synthesis and analysis.
Magn. Reson. Med., 12:93-98, 1989.

32

G. Goelman, S. Vega, and D. B. Zax.
Design of broadband propagators in two-level systems.
Phys. Rev. A, 39:5725-5743, 1989.

33

Andrew E. Yagle.
Inversion of the Bloch transform in magnetic resonance imaging using asymmetric two-component inverse scattering.
Inverse Problems, 6:133-151, 1990.

34

Steven Conolly, Gary Glover, Dwight Nishimura, and Albert Macovski.
A reduced power selective adiabatic spin-echo pulse sequence.
Magn. Reson. Med., 18:28-38, 1991.

35

Maurice Guéron, Pierre Plateau, and Michel Decorps.
Solvent signal suppression in NMR.
Prog. NMR Spectrosc., 23:135-209, 1991.

36

J. W. Carlson.
Exact solutions for selective-excitation pulses.
J. Magn. Reson., 94:376-386, 1991.

37

J. Pauly, P. Le Roux, D. Nishimura, and A. Macovski.
Parameter relations for the Shinnar-Le Roux selective excitation pulse design algorithm.
IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., 10(1):53-65, 1991.

38

Ray Freeman.
Selective excitation in high resolution NMR.
Chem. Rev., 91(7):1397-1412, 1991.

39

Michael Garwood and Yong Ke.
Symmetric pulses to induce arbitrary flip angles with compensation for RF inhomogeneity and resonance offsets.
J. Magn. Reson., 94:511-525, 1991.

40

David E. Rourke and Peter G. Morris.
The inverse scattering transform and its use in the exact inversion of the Bloch equation for noninteracting spins.
J. Magn. Reson., 99:118-138, 1992.

41

David E. Rourke and Peter G. Morris.
Half-solitons as solutions to the Zakharov-Shabat eigenvalue problem for rational reflection coefficient, with application in the design of selective pulses in NMR.
Phys. Rev. A, 46(7):3631-3636, 1992.

42

Michael H. Buonocore.
Rf pulse design using the inverse scattering transform.
Magn. Reson. Med., 29:470-477, 1993.

43

Stefano Caldarelli, Anne Lesage, and Lyndon Emsley.
Pure-phase selective excitation in NMR by acquisition during the pulse.
J. Magn. Reson. A, 116:129-132, 1995.

44

Robin A. de Graaf, Klaas Nicolay, and Michael Garwood.
Single-shot, B₁-insensitive slice selection with a gradient-modulated adiabatic pulse, BISS-8.
Magn. Reson. Med., 35:652-657, 1996.

45

Alberto Tannús and Michael Garwood.
Adiabatic pulses.
NMR Biomed., 10:423-434, 1997.